Ka Lā: ​​Nā ʻano, nā ʻano a me ka wehewehe

ʻO ka radiation solar: nā ʻano, nā waiwai a me ka wehewehe
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o ka pāhawewe lā: ʻo ia ka ikehu i hoʻopuka ʻia e ka Lā ma waena o ka honua.

Ke kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i ka nui o ka ikehu o ka lā e piʻi ana i ka ʻili o ko mākou honua, hoʻohana mākou i nā manaʻo irradiance a me ka irradiation.ʻO ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana o ka lā ka ikehu i loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana ʻāpana (J/m2), ka mana i loaʻa i ka manawa i hāʻawi ʻia.Pēlā nō, ʻo ka irradiance o ka lā ka mana i loaʻa i ka manawa koke - ua hōʻike ʻia ma watts no kēlā me kēia mika square (W/m2)

Hana ʻia nā hopena fusion nuklea i loko o ka nucleus solar a ʻo ia ke kumu o ka ikehu o ka Lā.Hoʻopuka ka radiation nuklea i ka radiation electromagnetic ma nā alapine like ʻole a i ʻole nā ​​lōʻihi hawewe.Hoʻolaha ka radiation electromagnetic i ka lewa ma ka wikiwiki o ka māmā (299,792 km / s).
Hōʻike ʻia ʻo Solar Radiance: He huakaʻi i nā ʻano a me ke koʻikoʻi o ka Lā
ʻO ka waiwai hoʻokahi ka lā mau;ʻo ka lā mau ka nui o ka radiation i loaʻa koke i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana ma ka ʻaoʻao o waho o ka lewa o ka honua ma kahi mokulele e kū pono ana i nā kukuna lā.Ma ka awelika, he 1.366 W / m2 ka waiwai o ka lā mau.

Nā ʻano o ka hoʻomālamalama lā
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka pāhawewe lā i nā ʻano o ka radiation penei:

Nā kukuna Infrared (IR): Hāʻawi ka pāhawewe ʻulaʻula i ka wela a hōʻike i ka 49% o ka pāhawewe lā.
Nā kukuna ʻike ʻia (VI): hōʻike i ka 43% o ka radiation a hāʻawi i ka mālamalama.
Nā kukuna Ultraviolet (UV radiation): hōʻike iā 7%.
Nā ʻano kukuna ʻē aʻe: e hōʻike ana ma kahi o 1% o ka huina.
Nā ʻano o nā kukui Ultraviolet
I ka huli ʻana, ua māhele ʻia nā kukuna ultraviolet (UV) i ʻekolu ʻano:

ʻO Ultraviolet A a i ʻole UVA: Hele maʻalahi lākou i ka lewa, a hiki i ka ʻili honua holoʻokoʻa.
ʻO Ultraviolet B a i ʻole UVB: Loʻihi-pōkole.ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī e hele i ka lewa.ʻO ka hopena, hiki koke lākou i ka ʻāpana equatorial ma mua o nā latitu kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO Ultraviolet C a i ʻole UVC: Loʻihi-pōkole.ʻAʻole lākou e hele i ka lewa.Akā, hoʻopili ka papa ozone iā lākou.
Nā waiwai o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka lā
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka nui o ka pāhawewe lā ma kahi ākea ākea o ka amplitude like ʻole me ke ʻano maʻamau o ka bele, e like me ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ke kino ʻeleʻele i hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke kumu lā.No laila, ʻaʻole ia e nānā i kahi alapine hoʻokahi.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka nui o ka radiation i loko o ka pūʻulu o ka radiation a i ʻole ke kukui ʻike ʻia me kahi kiʻekiʻe ma 500 nm ma waho o ka lewa o ka Honua, e pili ana i ke kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo cyan.

Wahi a ke kānāwai o Wien, ʻo ke kāʻei hoʻoheheʻe kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi e oscillates ma waena o 400 a me 700 nm, pili i ka radiation ʻike ʻia, a ua like ia me 41% o ka nui o ka radiation.I loko o ka pāhawewe photosynthetically active, aia nā subbands me ka radiation:

ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula (400-490 nm)
ʻōmaʻomaʻo (490-560 nm)
melemele (560-590 nm)
ʻalani-ʻulaʻula (590-700 nm)
I ka wā e hele ai i ka lewa, hoʻololi ʻia ka radiation solar i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana, refraction, absorption, a me ka hoʻopuehu ʻia e nā kinoea ea like ʻole i kahi pae hoʻololi e like me ke ʻano o ke alapine.

Hana ka lewa o ka honua i kānana.ʻO ka ʻaoʻao o waho o ka lewa e komo i kahi hapa o ka radiation, e hōʻike pololei ana i ke koena i waho.ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe e hana ana ma ke ʻano he kānana, ʻo ia ke kalapona dioxide, nā ao, a me ka mahu wai, a i kekahi manawa e hoʻololi i ka radiation diffuse.

Pono mākou e hoʻomanaʻo ʻaʻole like ka radiation solar ma nā wahi āpau.No ka laʻana, loaʻa i nā wahi wela ka nui o ka pāhawewe lā no ka mea ua aneane kū pololei nā kukuna o ka Lā i ka ili o ka Honua.

No ke aha e pono ai ka Radiation Solar?
ʻO ka ikehu o ka lā ke kumu ikehu mua a no laila, ʻo ka ʻenekini e hoʻokele i ko kākou kaiapuni.ʻO ka ikehu o ka lā i loaʻa iā mākou ma o ka hahau ʻana o ka lā ke kuleana pololei a i ʻole ke kuleana no nā mea koʻikoʻi i nā kaʻina olaola e like me photosynthesis, ka mālama ʻana i ka mahana o ka honua i kūpono i ke ola, a i ʻole ka makani.

He 10,000 ka nui o ka ikehu o ka la o ka honua i ka ili o ka honua ma mua o ka ikehu e pau ai na kanaka a pau.

Pehea ka hopena o ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana o ka lā i ke olakino?
Hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena like ʻole ma ka ʻili o ke kanaka ma muli o kona ikaika a me ka lōʻihi o kona mau nalu.

Hiki i ka radiation UVA ke hoʻoulu i ka wā ʻelemakule a me ka maʻi maʻi ʻili.Hiki iā ia ke hoʻopilikia i ka maka a me ka ʻōnaehana pale.

ʻO ka hoʻolalaha ʻana o UVB ke kumu o ka lā, ka pōʻeleʻele, ka mānoanoa o ka papa waho o ka ʻili, ka melanoma, a me nā ʻano maʻi maʻi ʻili ʻē aʻe.Hiki iā ia ke hoʻopilikia i ka maka a me ka ʻōnaehana pale.

Kāohi ka papa ozone i ka hapa nui o ka radiation UVC mai ka hiki ʻana i ka Honua.Ma ke kahua lapaʻau, hiki ke hele mai ka radiation UVC mai kekahi mau kukui a i ʻole ke kukui laser a hoʻohana ʻia e pepehi i nā germs a kōkua paha i ka hoʻōla ʻana i nā ʻeha.Hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i kekahi mau maʻi ʻili e like me psoriasis, vitiligo, a me nā nodules ma ka ʻili e hoʻoulu ai i ka lymphoma T-cell cutaneous.

Mea kākau: Oriol Planas - ʻenehana ʻenehana ʻenehana